In this tutorial you will learn how to use the CIFS-UTILS program to mount network shares. You will also learn how mount the file shares at boot. This allows you to avoid typing your credentials, as well as avoiding the use of the mount command when you turn on the system. With CIFS-UTILS you will be able to easily access files from a SMB share on your network. I will be using Ubuntu 22.04 LTS throughout this tutorial. However it is fine if you have a different version, as this guide will work on any Ubuntu based Linux distribution.
Update and Upgrade Ubuntu
The first thing you will need to do is update and upgrade your Ubuntu installation. Type in the following command and press Enter.
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Now you will see a window asking you if you want to continue. Press “Y” and then Enter.
Install CIFS-UTILS
Afterwards you will need to install cifs-utils. This is a program that allows you to easily mount different file shares on Linux. Type in the following command to install it.
sudo apt install cifs-utils
Create a Mount Directory
Next you need to create a folder to mount the SMB share. You can create a folder in either /mnt/ or /media/.
sudo mkdir /media/Share
or
sudo mkdir /mnt/Share
Navigate to the Home Folder
Now navigate to your home folder.
cd ~/
Create the Credentials File
Once you are in the home folder you need to create a credentials file. A credentials file is vastly more secured versus providing the password and username in plain text.
nano .creds
Now type your username and password in the format above. Once you have typed your credentials, press “Ctrl+X” then “Y” to save and quit the text editor.
Apply Permissions
Next we will apply the permissions to the credentials file. For security reasons you only want root to be able to read and write the file. Enter the command below to apply the changes.
sudo chown root: .creds && sudo chmod 600 .creds
Mount the SMB Share
Finally you will mount the SMB network share. Enter the below cifs mount command replacing the credential directory, IP address, mount location, and share name with your own.
sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=/home/USERNAME/.creds,dir_mode=0755,file_mode=0755 //IPADDRESS/ShareName /mnt/Share
After you run the command you can navigate to the mount folder to view the network share that you have added. You have now successfully mounted a SMB network share using cifs-utils.
Auto Mounting
If you only use the mount command, your network share will no longer be mounted when you reboot. We will edit the fstab file and add a few entries. This is the file that defines what file systems are mounted at boot. Continue reading below to make the share persistent.
Edit the fstab File
First we need to open the fstab file. Type in the following command to edit it.
sudo nano /etc/fstab
Add fstab Entries
Now you will want to add a new line for mounting your cifs share. Use the code below as an example of what to type, replacing the credentials, IP, and share name with your own.
The last step will be to reboot your PC. After rebooting you will see the network share mounted at /mnt/ShareName or /media/ShareName depending on where you created the folder. Thank you for reading the tutorial. If you are interested in similar technology tutorials check out some of our articles below.
Questions?
If you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them below.
If you have ever tried to disable Windows Defender within Windows 10 you may have noticed it can sometimes be difficult. In this tutorial you will learn two different methods for disabling it. You can disable Defender using Control Panel, and Registry Editor if you are a more advanced user. This can be useful for many reasons, such as development of applications, cyber security, false positives and more.
Disable Windows Defender (Basic)
Open PC Settings
At your computer, open the Control Panel using the Windows button in the corner of your screen, then clicking on the gear icon in the bottom left corner.
Click Update & Security
Once you are at the control panel, click the ‘Update & Security’ category.
Click Windows Security
Select the ‘Windows Security’ option from the left hand side of Update & Security.
Click Manage Settings (Virus & Threat Protection)
Then, find the ‘Manage settings’ text as shown above and click on it.
Disable Defender Protection Settings
You will want to disable the highlighted options above. The other slider selections are optional. You are done!
How to Disable Windows Defender Using Registry Editor (Advanced)
Sometimes, Defender can re-enable itself during updates and restarts. If you would like to make sure it doesn’t come back and don’t mind tinkering with your operating system a bit, you can disable it with your Registry Editor.
Open Run
First, you will open your ‘Run’ box either by searching for it or using Windows + R on your keyboard.
Open Registry Editor
You will type ‘regedit’ in the box and either click OK or press Enter.
Navigate to Folder
Open the folders inside Registry Editor by using the arrows next to the folder icon. You will want to navigate to:
Once you select the Windows Defender folder, you will right click inside the blank space inside the right panel of the window and hover over New, then click the option that says ‘DWORD (32-bit Value)’.
Rename Registry Entry
You will want to set the name of the value to ‘DisableAntiSpyware’.
Edit the Registry Value
Then, double click on the 0x000… (value) portion of the pair you just created and change the Value data to 1. Double check to make sure that the Value name is the same as the one that you created and that the Base option is set to Hexadecimal.
Restart Windows
Finally, restart your computer and you have completed all the steps to disabling Windows Defender on Windows 10.
Questions?
If you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them below.
In this tutorial you will learn how to add a network location to Windows 10. This will allow you to access a file share remotely by connecting computers on the network. The main benefit to adding a network location is that it will be permanently saved in file explorer. This allows you to avoid typing the network address of the location each time. As well as easy management of multiple network shares. When you are finished you should have a new location added to the Windows Explorer Network Locations list.
Open File Explorer
You can open File Explorer by clicking on the folder icon in the taskbar or by pressing “Win+E” on your keyboard.
Navigate to This PC
Now you will need to click on “This PC” (the computer icon on the left) in your File Explorer.
Open Add Network Location Dialog
After navigating to the “This PC” window you have to right click then click on “Add a network location”.
Click Next
Now that the Add Network Location window is open press the “Next” button.
Set Network Location to Custom
Afterwards click on “Choose a custom network location”. Then click “Next” to continue.
Enter Network Address
Now you will need to enter the IP address and the name of the share, then press “Next”.
Confirm Credentials
A window will open asking you to enter the shares credentials. Enter the credentials and press “Next” to continue.
Enter a Share Name
You will then be asked to type a name for the network share. I will be using “My share”. Then you will click on the “Next” button.
Network Location Added
The Network Location has been successfully added. Click on the “Finish” button to open the share folder.
View in My PC
You can find the Network Share you just added by navigating to “This PC” in the left column of File Explorer. You will see the share listed under “Network locations”. You have now completed the tutorial. If you would like to learn how to create a network share continue reading below.
How to Create a Mapped Network Drive in Windows 10
If you want an in depth tutorial on creating mapped network shares in Windows 10 click the link below.
This tutorial will teach you how to create a network share in Windows 10. You can use any hard drive or folder on your computer to share. This will easily allow you to access any files you want on your local network. This allows you to avoid using USB flash drives or portable hard drives to transfer files. We will be using the file sharing feature built into the operating system. You will be able to successfully share your files by reading below.
Open File Explorer
First, you will want to open your file explorer by clicking on the folder icon on your taskbar, or pressing Windows+E simultaneously on your keyboard.
Choose Drive or Folder to Map
Next, you will navigate to the folder you are trying to share. If you are sharing a full hard drive, click on “This PC” in the left column.
Open Properties
Right click on the folder or hard drive, and click on the ‘Properties’ option.
Navigate to Sharing Tab
Once the folder or hard drives property tab opens, click on the ‘Sharing’ tab.
Advanced Sharing
Click on the advanced sharing button.
Open Permissions Dialog
Click on the ‘Share this folder’ checkbox, then click the ‘Permissions’ button.
Set the Permissions
Select what file permissions either everyone accessing the folder has available, or certain users by clicking ‘Add’ and adding in new users. If you want full access to read and write files, select all of the check boxes on the left. Then click the “OK” button to continue.
Close Advanced Sharing
Click on the OK button to close the advanced sharing dialog window.
Open Share Dialog
Now that you have set up the sharing permissions you need to setup the share. To begin click on the “Share…” button.
Choose User(s) to Share With
Type in the user you want to use when accessing the folder from the network. You can also add other users if you have different users you would like to have access to the folder.
Confirm Network Discovery Dialog
After you click “Share” you will get the above dialog. This is asking you to turn on network discovery for file sharing. You need to enable this for the network share to function. Click on “Yes” to continue.
Network Sharing Completed
Congratulations! You have now completed all the steps towards sharing a folder within your network. You can now access it from other computers by mounting a network share or accessing it directly by typing the above link to the folder. In this case, the folder URL would be:
In this tutorial you will learn how to create your own custom alias commands in Linux. Setting up a Linuxalias is a very easy thing to do. Aliases are very beneficial as they save a lot of time, such as remembering long or complicated commands. We will be adding our own aliases by editing the “.bashrc” file. This tutorial will work on virtually all Linux distributions. Continue reading below to get started.
Open the Terminal
The first thing you need to do is open a new Terminal window in Linux.
Edit the .bashrc File
Once you have the new terminal window open, enter the command nano~/.bashrc and press Enter. This will open your .bashrc file using the nano text editor. The .bashrc file is a script that runs every time you launch Bash. You can add commands here for customizing and automating your Linux environment. If you open the file and it is blank it means you do not already have it (the file). The file will be created once you save using Ctrl+X, press the Y key, then press Enter.
Add the Command Alias’s
Towards the top of your bashrc file you will want to add a few new lines. Afterwards you can begin typing your alias commands. The format to use is alias aliasname=”Linux Command”. For example one of my aliases is ‘alias pg=”ping google.com”‘. When the command “pg” is ran, it will ping Google. The possibilities with aliases are endless. After adding your custom aliases simply save and close the file.
Reload the Bash Configuration
Next you will have to reload the .bashrc file to reload the changes you just made. To do this type “source ~/.bashrc” and press Enter. The alias is now ready to be used.
Test the Linux Alias’s
To use your custom Linux aliases type the command that was written for it. In my example I used “pg” to ping google.com. Above is an example of the custom alias command running.
Additional Questions?
If you have any additional questions or thoughts feel free to comment them below.
In this tutorial you will learn how to create a deepfake video using DeepFaceLab. This application uses machine learning to swap almost any face from a video for one that you choose. DeepFaceLab is currently the best software by far for making deepfakes. In this tutorial we will be using the Windows 10 operating system. However the steps are pretty much the same if you are using Linux. So you should be able to utilize this tutorial with either operating system. It is advised that you have a powerful GPU such as a Nvidia GTX 1060 or better for creating deepfakes. If you want the best experience possible I would recommend you use a RTX 3080 or RTX 3090 graphics card. The software will still work with a low end GPU, but it could take multiple weeks to train your model. Having a high end GPU will also allow you to render the face swaps in a higher resolution. To learn how to create a deepfake continue reading below.
Download DeepFaceLab
The first step is to download the latest version of DeepFaceLab. You can do so by going to the DeepFaceLab Github page and scrolling down to releases. Click on the Windows (Mega.nz) link to download the correct release for your graphics card. If you are installing in Linux you will have to follow the instructions provided on the Linux (github) page.
Choose Version
After navigating to the Mega.nz download link you will need to select a version of DeepFaceLab. This is based on which graphics card you have installed. In this tutorial I am using a GTX 1080 so I will download “DeepFaceLab_NVIDIA_up_to_RTX2080Ti_build_11_20_2021.exe”. Choose the version that is correct for your system.
Open the Workspace
After downloading the application, extract the zip file and open the folder. Your folder should look similar to this.
Collect source videos
This is by far the most important step of getting a good result from the process. You need to select a video of your source (persons face you want to copy). As well as a destination video (where you want your source face copied to). You want to find a clip for each that is 5-10 minutes long with multiple angles of the faces. A good source for these videos are interviews on YouTube. Below are the two videos I am going to use. After you download the videos rename the source video to “data_src.mp4” and the destination video to “data_dst.mp4”. Then move both MP4 files into the “workspace” folder.
Source face:
Destination Face:
Extract images from source video
To start we will need to extract the image frames from the source video. Double click on “2) extract images from video data_src.bat”, you will then see the above window open. Type in 7 or 8 and press “Enter”.
Next type in “png” and press “Enter”.
Wait for the extraction process to complete.
Once you see this screen the process is complete and you can close the window.
Extract images from destination video
Next you need to extract every frame from the destination video as an image. Double click on “3) extract images from video data_dst FULL FPS.bat”. You will see the above window open. Type in “png” and press “Enter”.
Wait for all of the destination images to be extracted.
Once you see this screen the process is complete and you can close the window.
Extract the source video’s faceset
Next you will need to extract the source video’s faceset images. To begin double click on “4) data_src faceset extract.bat”. It will open the window you see above. Select your GPU device and press “Enter”.
Afterwards you will be asked which face type to use. Type in the default option “wf” (whole face) and press “Enter”.
Then you will select the faces image size. Type in “512” and press “Enter”.
Next set the jpeg quality to “90”. Once you press “Enter” the face extraction process will start.
Wait for the extraction process to complete.
You will see this screen once the source face extraction is complete. Press “any key” to exit and close the window.
Extract the destination video’s faceset
The destination video face extraction process will be similar to the source extraction. To begin double click on “5) data_dst faceset extract.bat”. Once the window opens, select the GPU device and press “Enter”.
Type in “wf” and press “Enter” to use the whole face.
Set the face image size to “512” then press “Enter” to continue.
Finally set the jpeg quality to “90” and press “Enter”.
Wait for the destination face extraction process to complete.
At completion you will see this screen. You can press “any key” to save and exit. At this point you have both of your videos faces extracted and ready for use in the deepfake video.
Sort the source and destination faceset’s
In this step we will be sorting the faces by similarity to make it easier to remove blurry and unwanted faces. To sort the source faces double click on “4.2) data_src sort.bat”. You will see the above screen. Type in “5” and press “Enter”.
Wait for the sorting process to complete.
The source faces are now sorting by similarity. You now need to sort the destination faces. Double click on “5.2) data_dst sort.bat”. After the terminal window opens repeat the same steps above that you used to sort the source face.
Remove unwanted face images
This is the last step before beginning to train the model. It is very important to complete this step to obtain a good result. Open the “workspace” folder and navigate to the “data_src” folder. Finally open the “aligned” folder and delete all images that do not contain a face, are blurry, or have hands in front of the face. After you complete this step, repeat the same by navigating to the “data_dst” then the “aligned” folder. Above are some examples of bad photos that I would remove. Use your best judgement when deciding which photos to remove.
Train the deepfake model
Now you will need to train the model. There are a few training batch files to choose from. If you are new to making deepfakes I would recommend the Quick96 model. To get started double click on “6) train Quick96.bat”.
Select the GPU device to use for training. If you have multiple GPU’s you will see them here. Unfortunately you are currently only able to use one GPU at a time. Once you press “Enter” the model training will begin. Now you will need to wait for the model to train. Within 24 hours you should start to see the faces in the preview window. I recommend you train the model for at least 7 days to get high quality results. If you need to use your computer for something else you can press “CTRL+C” to save and exit. The next time you open the Quick86 trainer it will resume from the last saved iteration.
Preview at 1 iteration.
Preview at 643 iterations.
Preview at 2,569 iterations.
Preview at 403,891 iterations.
Merge the deepfake video
Next you will need to merge the faces into each frame of the video. This replaces the destination face with the source face for each frame. The merging process will also allow you to adjust the blur, erode mask, and color matching profile. This will allow you to get a more realistic final result. “Double click on “7) merge Quick96.bat”. Then type “0” and press “Enter” to load the model.
Select the GPU device to use for the merging process.
Type “y” and press “Enter” to use the interactive merger tool. The interactive merger allows you to visualize the changes you are making.
Set the number of workers to “16” and press “Enter”. If you have any issues with the interactive merger opening you should reduce the number of workers.
The above screen will open. These are the different shortcut keys for the merge tool. You are able to adjust many parameters, but we will be changing just a few of them. To begin click anywhere in the gray box and press “Tab”.
You will then see the videos first frame as well as different values in the terminal. If you just see a black screen use the less than symbol “>” until you get to the first frame to show the face. Now you will have to change the erode_mask_modifier as well as the blur_mask modifier. This will help the face seem more realistic during scenes with heavy movement. To do this press the “W” key 20 times. Then press the “E” key 100 times. After doing this your values will be set. To start the merge press shift plus forward slash “SHIFT+/”, then press shift plus the less than key “SHIFT+>”.
You will see the “merging” progress bar fill up. Once it gets to 100% the merge is complete.
After the video has finished merging click on the video output window and press “Escape” to save and close the merge.
Export the video file
The final step is to export the video as a MP4 file. Double click on “8) merged to mp4 lossless.bat” to begin the process. Once you see the above screen you have completed the deepfake tutorial. Navigate to “workspace” to find your video file. It will be saved as “result.mp4”.
This is the result of the process after training for 1,000,000 iterations. If you want a better result you can train for longer, use a RTX 3090 graphics card, and or provide more source video material to improve the models quality.
Questions?
If you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them below.
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This website may contain affiliate links. This means we may receive a small commission if you purchase through our links. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons, as we only promote products we personally believe in. We are independently owned and the opinions expressed here are our own.
In this tutorial you will learn how to create bootable USB drives using Rufus. One of the main benefits of using Rufus is that it is free, open source, and easy to use. Rufus is a good lightweight alternative to Unetbootin. Additionally with this universal USB installer you can easily create installation drives for Linux, Mac OS, and Windows. It is compatible with most .ISO files and bootable image formats, as well as raw disk image file support. Rufus also supports the creation of bootable FreeDOS installations.
Download Rufus
The first step will be to download Rufus. You will want to navigate to the Rufus Download Page. Then scroll down to the Download section and click on “Rufus 3.20” to download the application.
After you download Rufus, double click on “rufus-3.2.0.exe” to launch the application. At this point you will also want to plug in your USB flash drive.
Select Installation ISO File
Next you will select the iso file that you want to flash to the USB drive. Click on the “SELECT” button. You will then get a file selection dialog, navigate to where your iso is and select it. In this example I will be using “ubuntu-22.04-live-server-amd64”. If you wish to download the ISO you can do so on the Ubuntu website.
Select Storage Device
Afterwards you will need to select the storage device you want to use. This will be the flash drive that you plugged in a few moments ago. Select it from the drop down list then continue. *WARNING* be careful to select the right drive as all of the data will be deleted.
Set Boot Selection
Now you will select the “Boot selection” I recommend keeping this option at the default “Disk or ISO image”.
Choose Partition Scheme
Next choose the partition scheme. Usually you can keep this at the default unless you have a very old PC. If you end up having issues change this option and re-flash. We will be keeping it at “MBR”.
Choose Target System
The next option is the “Target system” I would leave it at “BIOS or UEFI” unless you have a specific reason to change it. This option will work for almost every PC.
Create a Volume Label (optional)
This step is optional but if you want to give your flash drive a name just type it in this box. This name will show up in the file explorer after you complete the process.
Set Cluster Size
For the cluster size you can keep it and the default of “64 kilobytes”. This will work for most flash drives.
Set File System
Finally select the file system. Most people use either NTFS or FAT file formatting. I will be using FAT for this tutorial.
Start Flashing Process
Finally we can start the ISO flashing process. Click on the start button to begin flashing your USB drive.
Confirm Rufus Drive Flashing Process
This window will ask you to confirm that you really want to flash the USB drive.
Wait for Flashing to Complete
Now you will have to wait for the flashing process to begin. This can take a while so go make yourself a cup of coffee while you wait.
Rufus Flashing Complete
When the flashing process completes you will see a green bar at the bottom, as well as the word “READY”. Your installation media is now ready to be used. You can now eject your flash drive and close Rufus.
Additional Questions?
If you have any additional questions or thoughts feel free to comment them below.
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Affiliate Disclaimer:
This website may contain affiliate links. This means we may receive a small commission if you purchase through our links. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons, as we only promote products we personally believe in. We are independently owned and the opinions expressed here are our own.
In this beginner friendly tutorial you will learn how to install Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS. Ubuntu Server is currently one of the most popular Linux based server operating system. One of the biggest advantages to using Ubuntu Server is the stability that it brings. As an LTS release it will provide you five years of security updates and support by default. This will ensure your server is always secure and has the latest software. To start this tutorial make sure you have a virtual machine, an unused hard drive, or a empty partition to be able to install the operating system. If you want to learn how how to make a bootable installation flash drive click here. You will also have to download the Ubuntu Server ISO file. You can do that by clicking this link. Download Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
Language selection
The first step after booting into your Ubuntu Server or ISO is to select the language. Choose your language and then press “Enter”.
Update the installer
Next the installer will ask you if you want to update. I recommend updating to the latest installer. Select “Update to the new installer” then press “Enter”.
Keyboard configuration
After that you will be brought to the keyboard configuration page. If you are okay with the default (automatic) keyboard layout, select “Done” and press “Enter” to continue.
Installation type
This page will ask you if you want to do the default Ubuntu Server installation or the minimal version. I recommend the first option. Select your choice then select “Done” and press “Enter”.
Network configuration
Next we have the network configuration page. By default the installer will automatically detect your IP address settings. If you want to change it select the network adapter “ens18” and press “Enter”. I recommend just keeping it at its default settings. Select “Done” and press “Enter”.
Configure network proxy
Afterward you will be brought to the proxy configuration page. If you have a proxy you would like to use enter its information. Else just select “Done” and press “Enter”.
Guided storage configuration
Now we will need to setup the storage configuration. Luckily the installer does the hard part for us. If you are using a full physical or virtual disk, select “Use an entire disk” and press “Space” to mark it. Afterwards select “Done” and press “Enter” to proceed.
Review storage configuration
This next page will show you a review of the storage configuration changes that will take place. Review the disk and partition names, and if everything looks correct proceed to the next step.
Confirm storage configuration
Now you will be asked to confirm the storage configuration options. Select “Continue” and press “Enter” to proceed to the next step.
Setup Ubuntu user account
Afterwards you will need to setup your user account. Enter a name, server name, username, and password. Then click on “Done” and press “Enter”.
Install SSH
This step is optional. If you would like to enable the SSH server select “Install OpenSSH server” then press “Space” to mark it. Afterwards press “Done.” and press “Enter”.
Wait for system to be installed
Now the system will begin installing. This can take anywhere from 20-30 mins to fully install Ubuntu Server. Wait for it to complete.
Installation complete
Once the installation is complete you will see this screen. Select “Reboot Now” and press “Enter” to reboot the system and continue.
Unmount USB drive or ISO file
After the system reboots you will get a message telling you to “Please remove the installation medium, than press Enter”. Remove your USB drive or ISO file if you are using a virtual machine. Once you have completed this step press “Enter” one final time to reboot.
Login to Ubuntu Server 22.04
You will be brought to the Ubuntu Server login screen. Type in the credentials you created for your account. You will then be logged into the system. You have now successfully installed Ubuntu Server 22.04. If you are looking for other Linux tutorials check out our articles below.
Are you worried about your device being stolen? Do you have sensitive files to protect? If you answered yes to either of those questions then you would benefit from encrypting your drive with VeraCrypt. In this tutorial you will learn how to download, install, and setup encryption with VeraCrypt in Linux. One of the primary reasons to use VeraCrypt is that it is an opensource replacement for the now defunct TrueCrypt. Another benefit to VeraCrypt is the ability to encrypt both flash drives and hard disks. You also have the ability to create encrypted file containers. It supports the most popular encryption algorithms such as AES 256 and AES 512. All said you will get a much more robust and secure encryption solution compared to any paid encryption software you could purchase.
Add the required repository
The first step is to add the repository to your packages list.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:unit193/encryption
Update Ubuntu
The next thing you will want do do is update and upgrade Ubuntu 22.04. To do that simply open a terminal and run the following command.
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Download and install VeraCrypt
The last step is to install VeraCrypt. You can do so with this command.
sudo apt install veracrypt
Encrypting a volume
In this section of the tutorial you will learn how to create the encrypted flash drive partition using VeraCrypt.
Launching VeraCrypt
You can launch VeraCrypt by searching for it in your systems start menu or app folder. After you launch the program click on “Select Device…”.
Selecting a device to encrypt
A window will pop up showing all of the storage devices on your computer. Very carefully select the partition on the flash drive you want to encrypt. (warning, all data is wiped during the encryption process)
Creating the volume
Next you will want to click create volume to begin the encryption process.
Select VeraCrypt device type
After the “VeraCrypt Volume Creation Wizard” opens you want to select the second option highlighted in red. Then click the “Next” button.
Select VeraCrypt volume type
The next step is to select the VeraCrypt volume type. Choose the first option on the list. “Standard VeraCrypt volume”.
View devices
Afterwards you will have to click “Select Device…” to view the partitions.
Select USB devices partition
Re-select the partition of the flash drive you want to encrypt. Then press “OK”.
Volume confirmation dialog
A dialog will pop up confirming you would like to proceed. Click on the “Yes” button.
Enter the administrator password
You will receive a popup asking you to type in the administrator password. Afterwards click on the “OK” button.
Choose VeraCrypt encryption algorithm
On the next page you will be asked to choose a Encryption Algorithm and a Hash Algorithm. I recommend selecting “AES” for the first box, and “SHA-512” for the second box. After selecting your options click on the “Next” button.
Type and repeat the encryption password
The next part of the wizard will have you enter and re-enter the encryption password you would like to use for the encrypted volume. Enter the passwords and click on the “Next” button.
Select encrypted USB format options
On this page it will ask you to choose your flash drives format options. I recommend selecting “FAT”. Afterwards click on the “Next” button.
Encrypt the USB partition
For this step you will have to randomly move your mouse for 20-30 seconds to generated the Random Pool key. The longer you do it for the better the cryptographic strength will be. After the blue bar is full click on “Format” to start the encryption process.
Volume format dialog
You will be asked to confirm that you want to continue encrypting. Press the “Yes” button.
Wait for device to encrypt
The encryption process could take anywhere from 5-30 minutes. Be patient and wait for the process to complete.
Encryption successful dialog
When the device has finished the encryption process you will get this dialog telling you it is complete. Click on the “OK” button.
Exit VeraCrypt
Now that your flash drives partition is encrypted you can exit the application by clicking the “Exit” button.
Mounting encrypted volume
In this part of the tutorial you will learn how to mount the encrypted partition that you just created.
View the devices
The first step to mounting your partition is to select the device. Click on “Select Device…”.
Select an encrypted partition to mount
Next you will want to select the partition of the flash drive that you encrypted in the above steps.
Type in encrypted USB’s password
Finally type in the encrypted flash drives password.
Opening encrypted USB drive
The encrypted flash drives partition will now show up in the VeraCrypt window. To open it and browse the files double click on the highlighted light blue bar. If you want to dismount the encrypted partition just select it and click “Dismount”. You now know how to download, install, and encrypt flash drive partitions using VeraCrypt on Ubuntu 22.04.
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What is Nginx? Nginx is a opensource web server designed with developers in mind. It was created by Igor Sysoev in 2004. It supports reverse proxying, caching, load balancing, RTMP media streaming, and many more advanced features. In this tutorial you will learn how to install and set up Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04.
Setting up UFW Firewall (Optional – Highly Recommended)
If UFW is not enabled or configured, you will first need to enable it. You can check the status of the firewall using this command:
sudo ufw status
Then enable it with this command:
sudo ufw enable
If you are connected to your machine via SSH, make sure it is allowed through the firewall before disconnecting.
sudo ufw allow ssh
Next, we will be allowing Nginx through the firewall – there are 3 settings to be aware of when allowing the web server through. ‘Nginx Full’, ‘Nginx HTTP’, and ‘Nginx HTTPS’. ‘Nginx Full’ allows traffic through both HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443), whereas HTTP and HTTPS open only their respective ports. It is highly recommended that you only open port 80 to your local network or for non-secure pages (Does NOT process sensitive data!). You will only be able to use HTTPS if you have an SSL certificate – otherwise, your browser or any visitor to your site will get a ‘Site Not Secure’ warning. We will be using ‘Nginx HTTP’ for the purposes of the tutorial, but you may replace the text in the command with the other parameters for your respective use case.
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
If you have any other services running on the machine that you need external clients to have access to, such as port 8080 for a testing server, you may open them with the following command:
Finally, it’s time to set up your web server! We will be accessing the root directory for the site, where you will access and store your files. We will also be setting up the configuration for the enabled sites so you can access your site from the web. You should be able to see the default site when going to the URL/IP address of the server.
You can view the IP address of your server by typing the command:
ip a s
Your IP will be the address that is not the loopback address (127.0.0.1) and is usually the second “inet” address depending on your server’s configuration.
If everything is set up correctly, the above image should be the contents of the page.
Next, you will navigate to your site’s configuration to organize things properly and keep your install clean. First, you will disable your site’s default configuration. You can do this by typing the following command:
sudo unlink /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
Then, add a new configuration file for your site. We will be using nano for this example.
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/<site-name>
And add the following text to the file.
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /var/www/<site-name>;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
If you are also using SSL, you must insert the following below the first server block:
server {
listen 443 ssl;
root /var/www/<site-name>;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
Press CTRL+X and then press Y to save the file.
The server is almost set! You will need to enable the site to make it accessible. You can do this by typing the command:
